A 515-mile (829km) lightning flash has set a new record as the longest ever identified.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) confirmed the new world record for the flash registered on 22 October 2017 over the Great Plains in the US. It stretched from east Texas to near Kansas City, Missouri, roughly the distance between Paris and Venice.
The previous record of 768km was also recorded in the Great Plains, a hotspot for severe thunderstorms, on 29 April 2020.
Since 2016, scientific advances in space-based mapping have allowed for lightning flashes to be measured over a broader space, allowing these long flashes to be recorded.
This event was one of the first flashes to be documented using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s latest model of orbital satellite, known as a geostationary operational environmental satellite.
Michael J Peterson, the lead author and an evaluation committee member of the Severe Storms Research Center at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said: “The extremes of what lightning is capable of is difficult to study because it pushes the boundaries of what we can practically observe. Adding continuous measurements from geostationary orbit was a major advance.”
A satellite image depicting the flash. Red circles mark positively charged branches of the lightning, and blue circles mark negatively charged branches. Photograph: World Meteorological Organization, American Meteorological Society
Before using orbital satellites to record the duration and length of lightning flashes, data was collected by ground-based sensors. Many scientists acknowledged that there were limits to the duration and length of lightning they could record with these ground sensors.
The advances in technology have also allowed for the recording of the greatest duration for a single lightning flash. The record is a flash that lasted 17.1 seconds during a thunderstorm over Uruguay and northern Argentina on 18 June 2020.
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Prof Randall Cerveny, a rapporteur of weather and climate extremes at the WMO, said: “[The] everyday implications of these events are that lightning can travel quite long distances away from the parent thunderstorm. Because of this fact, people need to limit their outdoor activities during lightning-producing thunderstorms.”
The WMO recommends that people caught in a lightning storm take shelter in substantial buildings with wiring and plumbing, or a fully enclosed metal-topped vehicle.