Tom Espiner
BBC business reporter
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Chancellor Rachel Reeves has called the economy’s recent performance “disappointing” after figures showed it shrank unexpectedly in May.
The economy contracted by 0.1%, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said, after also shrinking in April.
The fall in economic output, which confounded analysts who had expected to see slight growth, was mainly driven by a drop in manufacturing, the ONS said, while retail sales were “very weak”.
The weaker than expected figure adds pressure on the government which has made boosting economic growth a key priority.
The government has put a lot of emphasis on the UK being the fastest growing economy in the major G7 countries, with 0.7% growth in the first three months of the year outpacing that of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the US.
During this period growth was boosted by exports as manufacturers raced to beat higher US import taxes, and as homebuyers rushed to complete purchases before the expiry of the stamp duty tax break.
But Friday’s figures show that this first-quarter boost will be rather short-lived.
For the April to June period, the economy is now forecast to come in at around 0.1%-0.2%.
In essence, because of US trade war tensions and stamp duty changes, the “world-beating” first quarter front-loaded growth, pulling some away from the second quarter.
The bottom line is that for the first half of this year the UK will not have been in recession, but growth has been far from robust.
However, more recent figures on business confidence and manufacturing suggest that growth will be stronger in June.
A rate cut is now firmly expected in August, and more that may come in the autumn, might also help with some much needed, sustained growth in the economy.
Hailey Low, associate economist National Institute of Economic and Social Research, said the fact the economy has now shrunk for two months in a row shows the outlook for growth “remains fragile”.
The government’s U-turns on spending cuts have eroded the financial buffer it has to cope with economic shocks, she said.
The chancellor faces “hard trade-offs” in her Budget in the autumn, “having to raise taxes or cut spending to meet her self imposed rules”, Ms Low added.
Reacting to the latest GDP figures, Reeves said: “While today’s figures are disappointing, I am determined to kickstart economic growth”.
“Getting more money in people’s pockets is my number one mission,” she added.
But Conservative shadow chancellor Mel Stride said: “Thanks to Labour’s reckless choices the economy actually shrank in May.”
This puts more pressure on the government to raise taxes in the autumn, while government U-turns on cuts to the winter fuel allowance and welfare benefits “have created a ticking tax timebomb,” he said.
Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson Daisy Cooper said the figures put “storm clouds over the heads of many hardworking business owners and workers who have been rocked by the mistakes of this government”.
‘We’re continuing to grow’
Mick Crosthwaite, chief executive of veterinary imaging firm Hallmarq, says his firm is “doing well” but the economy is “tough”
The economy, is “tough” at the moment, with “high inflation and high interest rates”, says Mick Crosthwaite, chief executive of veterinary imaging firm Hallmarq.
However, he says the firm is “doing well” because it is export driven.
“There’s no doubt that we’re in an unstable environment, geopolitically with tariffs, and taxes increasing in the UK, but as an innovative business that’s exporting throughout the world, we’re able to continue to grow,” he says.
He adds that the business exports to 26 countries around the world, so “we’re not tied just to the UK economy”.
Monthly figures on economic output can be volatile, and a more closely-watched quarterly figure will be published next month.
The main drag on the economy in May was from production, which includes manufacturing.
Oil and gas extraction was lower in the month, while car-making and the “often erratic” pharmaceutical industry were weaker, the ONS said.
The services sector grew overall in May, with legal firms recovering from the impact of changes to stamp duty thresholds the previous month.
But falls in construction and manufacturing outweighed services gains.
Looking at the period from March to May, stronger activity earlier in the year meant that, despite May’s contraction, the economy grew by 0.5% compared with the previous three months.
Lindsay James, investment strategist at Quilter, said a “spotlight has been well and truly shone on the UK economy in the past week or so”.
She said spending cuts had been “nigh on impossible to enact” and said the report this week from the government forecaster, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), on fiscal risks had been “sobering”.
On Tuesday, the OBR said the UK’s public finances were in a “relatively vulnerable position”.
Reverses to planned spending cuts on welfare and the winter fuel allowance, plus backtracking on tax rises, have contributed to a continued rise in public debt, it said.