Nasa retiree turned private astronaut Peggy Whitson and three crew mates from India, Poland and Hungary departed the International Space Station early on Monday and embarked on their return flight to Earth.
A Crew Dragon capsule carrying the quartet undocked from the orbital laboratory at 7.15am ET, ending the latest ISS visit organized by Texas-based startup Axiom Space in partnership with Elon Musk’s California-headquartered rocket venture SpaceX.
If all goes as planned, the Dragon capsule will re-enter Earth’s atmosphere at the end of a 22-hour return flight and parachute into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California on Tuesday around 530am ET.
The Axiom astronauts, garbed in their helmeted white-and-black flight suits, were seen in live video footage strapped into the crew cabin shortly before the vehicle separated from the station, orbiting some 260 miles (418 km) over the east coast of India.
A couple of brief rocket thrusts then pushed the capsule safely clear of the ISS.
Whitson, 65, and her three Axiom crew mates – Shubhanshu Shukla, 39, of India, Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, 41, of Poland, and Tibor Kapu, 33, of Hungary – spent 18 days aboard the space station conducting dozens of research experiments in microgravity.
The mission stands as the fourth such flight since 2022 arranged by Axiom as the Houston-headquartered company builds on its business of putting astronauts sponsored by private companies and foreign governments into low-Earth orbit.
For India, Poland and Hungary, the launch marked the first human spaceflight in more than 40 years and the first mission ever to send astronauts from their government’s respective space programs to the ISS.
Dubbed “Grace” by its crew, the newly commissioned capsule flown for Axiom-4 was launched from Nasa’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral in Florida on 25 June, making its debut as the fifth vehicle in SpaceX’s Crew Dragon fleet.
Axiom-4 also marks the 18th crewed spaceflight logged by SpaceX since 2020, when Musk’s rocket company ushered in a new Nasa era by providing American astronauts their first rides to space from US soil since the end of the space shuttle program nine years earlier.
The Axiom-4 multinational team was led by Whitson, who retired from Nasa in 2018 after a pioneering career that included becoming the US space agency’s first female chief astronaut and the first woman to command an ISS expedition.
Now director of human spaceflight for Axiom, she had logged 675 days in space, a US record, during three previous Nasa missions and a fourth flight to space as commander of the Axiom-2 crew in 2023. Her latest mission commanding Axiom-4 will extend her record by about three more weeks.
Axiom, a nine-year-old venture co-founded by Nasa’s former ISS program manager, is one of a handful of companies developing a commercial space station of its own intended to eventually replace the ISS, which Nasa expects to retire around 2030.